CARO Global

Abstract Bangladesh and Pakistan share a complex political history shaped by the events before and after the 1971 Liberation War. Although diplomatic ties exist, mistrust and unresolved historical issues continue to hinder cooperation. This article explores the challenges and opportunities for redefining the relationship through economic, geopolitical, and social collaboration, arguing that pragmatic incentives can…

Abstract The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a central role in stabilizing economies experiencing balance-of-payments crises. However, its lending is tied to conditionality requiring borrowing countries to implement specific economic reforms. This article examines the evolution of IMF loan conditions and their impact on vulnerable economies. While IMF programs can promote macroeconomic stabilization and foster…

Political philosophy has long been preoccupied with the problem of legitimacy. Under what conditions may an institution claim moral authority over free and equal persons? Classical answers turn to the fairness of procedures, the justice of outcomes, or the moral acceptability of coercive rules under conditions of public reason. Rawls famously grounds legitimacy in principles…

Abstract This article provides an integrated historical analysis of the evolution of governance, justice, rights, and institutional design from ancient civilizations to the contemporary digital era. While each intellectual tradition, political philosophy, democratic theory, social contract thought, justice theory, public choice economics, institutionalism, global governance scholarship, and technology governance made significant contributions, none produced enforceable…