Introduction Political transitions represent some of the most delicate moments in the life of a state. Whether facilitated by caretaker governments, interim regimes, or structured party handovers, these transitions determine not only the stability of electoral outcomes but also the resilience of democratic institutions. Scholars of comparative politics argue that the effectiveness of such transitions…
Transparency and accountability form the bedrock of effective governance and long-term sustainable development. In recent decades, youth reformers and civic actors have risen as dynamic forces championing integrity, ethical leadership, and citizen involvement. This paper investigates the diverse strategies employed by young reformers and civic organizations in Bangladesh and worldwide to bolster transparency and accountability…
Abstract Bangladesh and Pakistan share a complex political history shaped by the events before and after the 1971 Liberation War. Although diplomatic ties exist, mistrust and unresolved historical issues continue to hinder cooperation. This article explores the challenges and opportunities for redefining the relationship through economic, geopolitical, and social collaboration, arguing that pragmatic incentives can…
Abstract The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a central role in stabilizing economies experiencing balance-of-payments crises. However, its lending is tied to conditionality requiring borrowing countries to implement specific economic reforms. This article examines the evolution of IMF loan conditions and their impact on vulnerable economies. While IMF programs can promote macroeconomic stabilization and foster…
