Venue Before Vision: How Youth “Volunteering” in Bangladesh’s Development Sector Quietly Became a Paid Appointment
There is a question that has started to precede almost every invitation to a youth engagement programme in Dhaka: venue kothay, TA/DA kotu? Where is it, and what does it pay? It is asked casually, almost automatically, before anyone asks what the programme is actually about. And it should give us pause — not because...
UN Security Council Veto vs. UGF’s Weighted Voting in the GGC: Toward Greater Equity
Introduction The United Nations Security Council (UNSC), established in 1945, was designed to maintain international peace and security. Over time, however, its structure, particularly the veto power held by its five permanent members (P5: United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China) has faced growing criticism. The veto is increasingly viewed as anachronistic, undemocratic, and...
The Evolution of Governance and Fairness: A Unified Historical Analysis: A CARO Global Academic Publication
Abstract This article provides an integrated historical analysis of the evolution of governance, justice, rights, and institutional design from ancient civilizations to the contemporary digital era. While each intellectual tradition, political philosophy, democratic theory, social contract thought, justice theory, public choice economics, institutionalism, global governance scholarship, and technology governance made significant contributions, none produced enforceable...
Resilience: The Double-Edged Core of Political Survival
In political life, “resilience” is often presented as a cure-all,an admirable trait of leaders who weather storms, stabilize economies, and reassure anxious publics. Yet resilience is not an unambiguously noble quality, nor is it merely a matter of personal toughness. It is a political capacity: one that can either stabilize democracies or entrench power in...
In What Ways Can Youth Reformers and Civic Actors Push for More Transparency and Accountability within Existing Structures
Transparency and accountability form the bedrock of effective governance and long-term sustainable development. In recent decades, youth reformers and civic actors have risen as dynamic forces championing integrity, ethical leadership, and citizen involvement. This paper investigates the diverse strategies employed by young reformers and civic organizations in Bangladesh and worldwide to bolster transparency and accountability...
IMF Loan Conditions and Their Impact on Vulnerable Economies
Abstract The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a central role in stabilizing economies experiencing balance-of-payments crises. However, its lending is tied to conditionality requiring borrowing countries to implement specific economic reforms. This article examines the evolution of IMF loan conditions and their impact on vulnerable economies. While IMF programs can promote macroeconomic stabilization and foster...
From Historical Grievance to Pragmatic Engagement: Can Bangladesh and Pakistan Forge a New Path?
Abstract Bangladesh and Pakistan share a complex political history shaped by the events before and after the 1971 Liberation War. Although diplomatic ties exist, mistrust and unresolved historical issues continue to hinder cooperation. This article explores the challenges and opportunities for redefining the relationship through economic, geopolitical, and social collaboration, arguing that pragmatic incentives can...
Fairness as a Meta-Norm: Structural Legitimacy and the Meta-Right to Fair Institutions
Political philosophy has long been preoccupied with the problem of legitimacy. Under what conditions may an institution claim moral authority over free and equal persons? Classical answers turn to the fairness of procedures, the justice of outcomes, or the moral acceptability of coercive rules under conditions of public reason. Rawls famously grounds legitimacy in principles...
Equitism: The Missing Fundamental Right
When we talk about human rights, the conversation usually turns to things like health, education, housing, or freedom. These are essential—no human life is complete without them. But there is something deeper that is often overlooked: the system itself. Because what good is the right to health if hospitals are corrupt?What good is the right...
CARO: Vision, Work and Philosophy
An escalating global crisis of governance characterizes the 21st century. In nations and societies, individuals increasingly believe that political regimes are no longer representative of them, that institutions do not safeguard equality, and that leadership is disconnected from accountability. There are elections, laws, and legal rights, but there is no justice; there is inequality, corruption,...